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The Tea Plant The tea plant is an evergreen of the Camellia family that is native to China, Tibet and northern India. There are two main varieties of the tea plant. The small leaf variety, known as Camellia sinensis, thrives in the cool, high mountain regions of central China and Japan. The broad leaf variety, known as Camellia assamica, grows in the moist, tropical climates found in Northeast India as well as the Szechuan and Yunnan provinces of China. The plant produces dark green, shiny leaves and small, white flowers. According to an old Chinese saying, "superior tea comes from high mountains". The altitude and mountain mists help shield against too much sunlight and provide the proper temperature and humidity to allow the leaves to develop slowly and remain tender. The quality and taste of a particular tea is influenced by the environment (soil, climate, and altitude) and the tea maker (who decides when and how the leaf is plucked and processed). The best teas are made from the top leaf and bud. Most tea plants have a growth phase and a dormant period, usually during the winter. The leaves are plucked as the new tea shoots (or "flush") emerge. In hotter climates, such as India the plants have several flushes and can be picked year-round. The first flush is usually in May, second flush in June and the autumnal flush in late August. In cooler conditions at higher elevations, there is a distinct harvesting season. Leaves from the earlier flushes, usually in the spring, give the finest quality teas. There are five types of tea: green tea, black tea, oolong tea, white tea and yellow tea. All five of these tea types come from the same plant. The specific variety of tea plant and the way the leaves are processed after harvesting determine the type of tea that is created.	New at Tea Laden
	New Toll Free Number 1-877-Tea Drop 1-877-832-3767 Magical, Mystical Darjeeling: Taking Tea in the Clouds (Part I)
	There is no trouble so great or grave that cannot be much diminished by a nice cup of tea. Bernard-Paul Heroux *1900's Baroque Philosopher*

Green Tea Compound, EGCG, May Be A Therapy For People With Rheumatoid Arthritis

Source: University of Michigan Health System

Date: April 30, 2007

Science Daily — A new study from the University of Michigan Health System suggests that a compound in green tea may provide therapeutic benefits to people with rheumatoid arthritis.

The study, presented April 29 at the Experimental Biology 2007 in Washington, D.C., looks at a potent anti-inflammatory compound derived from green tea. Researchers found that the compound – called epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) – inhibited the production of several molecules in the immune system that contribute to inflammation and joint damage in people with rheumatoid arthritis.

The compound from green tea also was found to suppress the inflammatory products in the connective tissue of people with rheumatoid arthritis.

“Our research is a very promising step in the search for therapies for the joint destruction experienced by people who have rheumatoid arthritis,” says Salah-uddin Ahmed, Ph.D., lead researcher on the study. Ahmed, a research investigator with the Division of Rheumatology at the U-M Health System, was selected to present the research at the Experimental Biology meeting as the recipient of the Young Scientist Travel Award, given by the American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. This study was also selected by the American Society for Nutrition to be featured in a press release.

To conduct the research, the scientists isolated cells called synovial fibroblasts from the joints of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. These fibroblasts – cells that form a lining of the tissue surrounding the capsule of the joints – then were cultured in a growth medium and incubated with the green tea compound.

The fibroblasts were then stimulated with pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1b, a protein of the immune system known to play an important role in causing joint destruction in people with rheumatoid arthritis. The researchers looked at whether the green tea compound has the capability to block the activity of two potent molecules, IL-6 and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), which also are actively involved in causing boneerosion in the joints of people with rheumatoid arthritis.

When untreated cells were stimulated with IL-1b, a sequence of molecular events occurred that resulted in production of the bone-destructive molecules. But the scientists found that pre-incubation with EGCG was capable of inhibiting the production of these molecules. EGCG also inhibited the production of prostaglandin E2, a hormone-like substance that causes inflammation in the joints.

The cell signaling pathways that regulate levels of these immune system molecules under both normal and rheumatoid arthritis situations are well studied, and the researchers were able to trace the effects of the green tea compound infusion to see that it worked by inhibiting these pathways.

Ahmed says that these studies suggest that EGCG or molecules that could be derived synthetically from the EGCG found in green tea may be of therapeutic value by inhibiting the joint destruction in rheumatoid arthritis.

Previously, Ahmed and other researchers made another promising finding when EGCG-pretreated synovial fibroblasts were stimulated with the cytokine IL-1b to study the protective effect of this green tea compound. Compared to untreated synovial fibroblasts, the cells treated with EGCG markedly blocked the ability of IL-1b to produce the proteins and enzymes that infiltrate the joints of persons with rheumatoid arthritis and cause cartilage degradation.

The laboratory now is focused on the inhibitory role of EGCG in gene expression. The scientists plan to test EGCG in animal models of rheumatoid arthritis to see if it provides similar therapeutic or preventive effects. Ahmed believes that the outcome of these studies will form a strong foundation for future testing of green tea compound in humans with rheumatoid arthritis.

In addition to Ahmed, authors of the study are Angela Pakozdi, M.D., a former research fellow in the Division of Rheumatology at the U-M Health System; and Alisa E. Koch, M.D., the Frederick G.L. Huetwell and William D. Robinson, M.D. Professor of Rheumatology at the U-M Health System and a researcher at the Veterans Affairs Ann Arbor Healthcare System.

This research was supported by National Institutes of Health grants and Veteran Administration Medical Research Service funds to Koch.

Note: This story has been adapted from a news release issued by University of Michigan Health System.